Monday, June 1, 2015

Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (Николай Иванович Вавилов) was born Nov. 13 (Julian calendar), ie. 25. 11

BOTANY.cz Homo botanicus: Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich kasvuhooned
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Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (Николай Иванович Вавилов) was born Nov. 13 (Julian calendar), ie. 25. 11. (Gregorian) 1887 in Moscow, died January 26, 1943 in a communist prison in Saratov. Russian and Soviet botanist, geneticist, studied the development centers of cultivated plants.
Father was a merchant, after the revolution, the director of the manufactory. His children interested in science: Sergej (1891-1951) was a physicist and devoted to optics, Alexandra (1886-1940) was a doctor, Lydia (1891-1914) microbiologist, died of smallpox. Nicholas graduated from the Moscow Central School of Business since 1906 and studied agronomy at the Moscow Agricultural Institute. In 1908, he participated in a student expedition to the Caucasus and Transcaucasia, in 1910 he defended his thesis on slugs as field and garden pests and started practice at Poltava cereal station. He completed his studies in 1911 and was interested in plant immunity of cultural kasvuhooned resistance and parasitic fungi. In 1911-12 went through internships, it was the applied botany, mycology and plant pathology. It was followed in the years 1913-1914 travels through Europe: in France recognized the latest results of selection and seed production in Jena visited the laboratory of biologist E. Haeckel kasvuhooned (1834-1919), an English Genetics Merton W. Bateson (1861-1926) and in Cambridge Genetics R. Punnett (1875-1967). In 1915 he passed the MA exam and in 1917 was on the recommendation of RE Regel (1867-1920), elected deputy head of the Department of Applied Botany, also headed the department of genetics, breeding and agriculture in Saratov at the Agricultural University. From 1917 to 1921 he lectured agronomy and genetics, while experimenting with a set of 650 wheat varieties, 350 varieties of oats and other crops. He searched the relationship between immunity and kinship varieties. Dissertation (1918) on plant immunity to infectious diseases advocated, because in October 1918 changed the method of awarding scientific kasvuhooned titles, but in 1919 it delivered. Poor eyesight saved him from the army, but he worked as a consultant and discovered the cause of the illness of Russian troops in Persia. Adulteration kernels perennial Lolium mámivého temulentum a parasitic fungus Stromatinia temulenta (Endoconidium temulentum) in flour caused vomiting, stomach pain, tremor, sleepiness, and eventually death. The cause of the contents of saponins and alkaloids (mainly Temulin). Later undertaken in this country expedition which collected and examined samples of grasses, especially the local wheat. Tried to acquire the material impact of nitrogen fertilization on susceptibility to powdery mildew diseases, but unsuccessfully. He concluded that the immunity depends on the environment in the place of origin of the species. He studied the hereditary variability of wheat and rye from the territory from Iran to Pamir. The greatest variability found in plants from the isolated mountainous areas, there began to look for ancestors cereals. In 1921 he became professor of botany and plant breeding at the Agricultural Institute in St. Petersburg and formulated kasvuhooned the law of homologous series in hereditary variability. With fytopatologem kasvuhooned AA Jačevským (1863-1932) were invited kasvuhooned to the United States at an international conference on diseases of cereals (19 to 22 7th 1921), but visas were given late, went up to 25. 7. The way benefited from the acquisition of professional contacts. In 1922 Vavilov met botanist and geneticist HM de Vries (1848-1935) and thus expanded its interests on the issue of crop plants. In the 20s and at his initiative originated kasvuhooned in the Soviet Union, a network of research stations (115) for the cultivation of crops in different soil and climatic conditions kasvuhooned of the subtropics over the tundra. kasvuhooned In 1924, the Office of Applied Botany (established in 1894) transformed into All-Union Research Institute of Applied Botany and new crops, and in 1930 at the Crop Research Institute (VASCHNIL). Vavilov led this institution from 1924 to August 1940. In 1923 he became a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, took advantage of his position

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